diff --git a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/README.md b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/README.md
index f5f912b9..1804150a 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/README.md
+++ b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/README.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export default {
   plugins: [
     autoFrontmatterPlugin({
       formatter: {
-        createTime(formatTime, matter, file) {
+        createTime(formatTime, file, matter) {
           if (formatTime) return formatTime
           return file.createTime
         }
@@ -48,10 +48,11 @@ export default {
     relativePath: string
     content: string
     createTime: Date
+    stats: fs.Stats
   }
 
   interface FormatterFn<T = any, K = object> {
-    (value: T, data: K, file: MarkdownFile): T
+    (value: T, file: MarkdownFile, data: K): T
   }
 
   type FormatterObject<K = object, T = any> = Record<
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ export default {
   >
 
   type FormatterArray = {
-    include: string
+    include: string | string[]
     formatter: FormatterObject
   }[]
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ export default {
    * ---
    */
   const formatterObj: Formatter  = {
-    createTime(formatTime, matter, file) {
+    createTime(formatTime, file, matter) {
       if (formatTime) return formatTime
       return file.createTime
     }
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ export default {
       include: '**/{README,index}.md',
       // formatter 仅对 glob命中的文件有效
       formatter: {
-        home(value, matter, file) {
+        home(value, file, matter) {
           return value
         }
       },
diff --git a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/index.ts b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/index.ts
index 9031d476..8efa6479 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/index.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/index.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-import type { AutoFrontmatterOptions } from '../shared/index.js'
+import type {
+  AutoFrontmatterOptions,
+  FormatterArray,
+  FormatterObject,
+} from '../shared/index.js'
 import { autoFrontmatterPlugin } from './plugin.js'
 
 export * from './plugin.js'
 
-export { AutoFrontmatterOptions }
+export { AutoFrontmatterOptions, FormatterArray, FormatterObject }
 
 export default autoFrontmatterPlugin
diff --git a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/plugin.ts
index 47c391fb..2eb66e95 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/plugin.ts
@@ -40,26 +40,26 @@ export const autoFrontmatterPlugin = ({
       }
     })
 
-  function formatMarkdown(file: MarkdownFile): void {
+  async function formatMarkdown(file: MarkdownFile): Promise<void> {
     const { filepath, relativePath } = file
 
     const current = otherFormatters.find(({ filter }) => filter(relativePath))
     const formatter = current?.formatter || globFormatter
     const { data, content } = grayMatter(file.content)
 
-    Object.keys(formatter).forEach((key) => {
-      const value = formatter[key](data[key], data, file)
+    for (const key in formatter) {
+      const value = await formatMarkdown[key](data[key], file, data)
       data[key] = value ?? data[key]
-    })
+    }
 
     try {
       const yaml = isEmptyObject(data)
-        ? '---\n'
+        ? ''
         : jsonToYaml
             .stringify(data)
             .replace(/\n\s{2}/g, '\n')
             .replace(/"/g, '')
-      const newContent = `${yaml}---\n${content}`
+      const newContent = yaml ? `${yaml}---\n${content}` : content
 
       fs.writeFileSync(filepath, newContent, 'utf-8')
     } catch (e) {
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ export const autoFrontmatterPlugin = ({
     name: '@vuepress-plume/vuepress-plugin-auto-frontmatter',
     onInitialized: async (app) => {
       const markdownList = await readMarkdownList(app.dir.source(), globFilter)
-      markdownList.forEach((file) => formatMarkdown(file))
+      for (const file of markdownList) {
+        await formatMarkdown(file)
+      }
     },
     onWatched: async (app, watchers) => {
       const watcher = chokidar.watch('**/*.md', {
@@ -80,9 +82,9 @@ export const autoFrontmatterPlugin = ({
         ignored: /(node_modules|\.vuepress)\//,
       })
 
-      watcher.on('add', (relativePath) => {
+      watcher.on('add', async (relativePath) => {
         if (!globFilter(relativePath)) return
-        formatMarkdown(readMarkdown(app.dir.source(), relativePath))
+        await formatMarkdown(readMarkdown(app.dir.source(), relativePath))
       })
 
       watchers.push(watcher)
diff --git a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/readFiles.ts b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/readFiles.ts
index fa9e227a..e6b41fef 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/readFiles.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/node/readFiles.ts
@@ -24,14 +24,16 @@ export const readMarkdown = (
   relativePath: string
 ): MarkdownFile => {
   const filepath = path.join(sourceDir, relativePath)
+  const stats = fs.statSync(filepath)
   return {
     filepath,
     relativePath,
     content: fs.readFileSync(filepath, 'utf-8'),
-    createTime: getFileCreateTime(fs.statSync(filepath)),
+    createTime: getFileCreateTime(stats),
+    stats,
   }
 }
 
-export const getFileCreateTime = (stat: fs.Stats): Date => {
-  return stat.birthtime.getFullYear() !== 1970 ? stat.birthtime : stat.atime
+export const getFileCreateTime = (stats: fs.Stats): Date => {
+  return stats.birthtime.getFullYear() !== 1970 ? stats.birthtime : stats.atime
 }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/shared/index.ts b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/shared/index.ts
index c02c2680..221824d1 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/shared/index.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-auto-frontmatter/src/shared/index.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
+import type fs from 'node:fs'
 export interface MarkdownFile {
   filepath: string
   relativePath: string
   content: string
   createTime: Date
+  stats: fs.Stats
 }
 
-export interface FormatterFn<T = any, K = object> {
-  (value: T, data: K, file: MarkdownFile): T
-}
+export type FormatterFn<T = any, K = object> = (
+  value: T,
+  file: MarkdownFile,
+  data: K
+) => T | PromiseLike<T>
 
-export type FormatterObject<K = object, T = any> = Record<
-  string,
-  FormatterFn<T, K>
->
+export type FormatterObject<K = object, T = any> = {
+  [P: string]: FormatterFn<T, K>
+}
 
 export type FormatterArray = {
-  include: string
+  include: string | string[]
   formatter: FormatterObject
 }[]
 
@@ -29,10 +32,10 @@ export interface AutoFrontmatterOptions {
 
   /**
    * {
-   *    key(value, data, file) {
+   *    key(value, file, data) {
    *      return value
    *    }
    * }
    */
-  formatter?: FormatterObject | FormatterArray
+  formatter?: FormatterArray | FormatterObject
 }
diff --git a/packages/theme/src/node/autoFrontmatter.ts b/packages/theme/src/node/autoFrontmatter.ts
index 55590d09..50cc9950 100644
--- a/packages/theme/src/node/autoFrontmatter.ts
+++ b/packages/theme/src/node/autoFrontmatter.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
 import path from 'node:path'
-import type { AutoFrontmatterOptions } from '@vuepress-plume/vuepress-plugin-auto-frontmatter'
+import type {
+  AutoFrontmatterOptions,
+  FormatterArray,
+} from '@vuepress-plume/vuepress-plugin-auto-frontmatter'
 import type {
   NotesDataOptions,
   NotesItem,
@@ -60,14 +63,14 @@ export default function (
         // note 首页链接
         include: path.join(notesDir, `**/{readme,README,index}.md`),
         formatter: {
-          title(title: string, _, { filepath }) {
+          title(title: string, { filepath }) {
             if (title) return title
             const note = findNote(filepath)
             if (note?.text) return note.text
             return getCurrentDirname(note, filepath) || ''
           },
           ...baseFormatter,
-          permalink(permalink: string, _, { filepath }) {
+          permalink(permalink: string, { filepath }) {
             if (permalink) return permalink
             const note = findNote(filepath)
             const dirname = getCurrentDirname(note, filepath)
@@ -78,13 +81,13 @@ export default function (
       {
         include: path.join(notesDir, '**/*.md'),
         formatter: {
-          title(title: string, _, { filepath }) {
+          title(title: string, { filepath }) {
             if (title) return title
             const basename = path.basename(filepath, '.md')
             return basename
           },
           ...baseFormatter,
-          permalink(permalink: string, _, { filepath }) {
+          permalink(permalink: string, { filepath }) {
             if (permalink) return permalink
             const note = findNote(filepath)
             const dirname = getCurrentDirname(note, filepath)
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ export default function (
       {
         include: '*',
         formatter: {
-          title(title: string, _, { filepath }) {
+          title(title: string, { filepath }) {
             if (title) return title
             const basename = path.basename(filepath, '.md')
             return basename
@@ -111,6 +114,6 @@ export default function (
           },
         },
       },
-    ],
+    ] as FormatterArray,
   }
 }